Isifundo seyokwakha sasendulo sashintshwe kakhulu ngokunikezwa kwezinhlelo ezinxulumene ngaphandle kokuphatha kukaMuntu. Lezi zinhlelo eziphuculiwe zishintsha kanjalo indlela abasebenzi bakhululwa ngayo, ubumfihlo nokwebanga okuphathelene nobugcisa kobugcisa. Izinhlelo ezintsha zeemachine ezenziwa ngokuzenzekala ziyindima yesiyelelo sendlela, ekhuthaza izigaba zemichamo nezinhlelo eziphuculiwe ukuze zinike amaphethelo amanelisekile kuqobo lwezimali. Ukuguquka kwezindlela zokwenza ngokomoya kuze kube yizindlela ezenziwa ngokugcwele kusenzo kubangela ukuthi abakhwazi ukufinyelela iqembu eliphakeme lezimali ngenkathi bahlakanipha ubumfihlo obungcono.
Ukuziqonda Ithekhenoloji ye-Machine ezenziwa Ngokuzenzekala
Izicaba Ezikhethekileyo Zezimali Zamanje
Amashini amawebhulayithiki azungezela iziqinisekiso eziningi ezifundisa ngokuhambisana ukuze zenze imisebenzi engcono yokwakha. Isistimende sokubulawa isebenza njengomcabango, kusetyenziswa i-programmable logic controllers kunye nezixhobo zezoftware eziphuculo ukubulawa konke okuqwalasayo kwisiseko. Izixhobo zokuphazamiseka kwaye zokubuyisela ziquleba ngokuvulekile iindlela zokusebenza, ziyigqugquzelela ukusebenza kakhulu ngexesha lonke lwemfundo yokwakha. Le mishini yomthwalo ifaka i-actuators ezipheleleyo, ii-servo motors, kunye nesistimende ze-hydraulic ezinika amandla okumeka afunekayo kumsebenzi ongasendleleni waphaya kodwa enza nokuphelelwa kakuhle.
Ukugxilwa kwezinhlangano zokubona komkhombi kubuye kubuyisela ukuthi izimboni zokuzenzakalelayo ziphatha njani futhi ziphinde zibukelela umdlalo wabo. Amakhamera amahle kanye nezinkothi zokuprosesa izithombe zinconywa ukubona okuphakeme ngokushesha, ukubonisa ukulinganisa kwezindawo, nokuthola iziphene. Lokhu kubuye kubuyisela ukuthi izimboni zokuzenzakalelayo zizobhekana ngokweminye yezinqumo ezihlakanipile ngokusebenzisa izithombe, kubuyisela ukunciphisa kakhulu ukuthi iziprodukthi ezingaphansi zizofakwa. Ukugxilwa kwezinkothi zokwenza ubuchwepheshe nesikhombisa izinkothi zokufunda kubuye kubuyisela ukuthi lezi zinhlangano zibe nemiphumela yokuqiniseka.
Ukuphatha nokuphatha izinhlangano
Amashini amawotomathiki asemantulwa ayisebenzisa izandiso ezimele ukuphrograma okuthuthukile kuleyo akwenzela ukuthi abasebenzisi bakhweletshise izilinganiso ezide eziphathelene ngokuphelele. Izandiso zokunakekelwa komuntu-nomthwalo zabelana nezixhobo zokuphatha eziphathelene lapho abatekheni bakhwenzela izibalo, babukeke iindlela zobuqiniso, bahlolise imiba ehlinzekayo. Ukumelana kwesimo sokuphrograma kwamashini amawotomathiki asemantulwa kwakwenza ukuthi ababhili kube nobuchwepheshe bukuhweba izindlela zokwakha izinhlotshane ezahlukene ngaphandle kokudinga ukuhlengahlengiswa okuningi kwayo nokusembeza kusuku eside.
Amathuluzi okubheka kusuka emuva akwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo emashini amahle okuzenzakalela, kuvumela abaphathi bakuprodukha ukubheka imisebenzi kusuka emaphondweni okupholisa amashini noma kusukaphandle kwesikhundla. Ukuxhuma kwe-cloud kuvumela ukuthumela imininingwane ngokushesha, ukuplanisha ukuphatha isikhundla ngokupredikta, nokuchaza imininingwane yokusebenza okuyithintela ukusebenza kwezinkampani zonke. Lezi zimashini zenzela iziraporti zokusebenza ezibalulekileyo okuzivumela ukuthola izindlela zokufunda ngokuprodukha, izivumelwano zokuhlelwa, nezinkinga zokuphatha isikhundla.
Amavuthela Amahhulayo Kwisiko Lokusebenza
Ukuphutha Kwaye Ukuphanda Kwemiphumela
Ukwenza kwezinkampani zokusebenzisa izimboni zokuziphatha ngokomlando kubeka imiprophayili eminingi kusukela kwezindlela zokusebenza ngokwamanzi. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenza ngokuphambuka ngaphandle kokufatwa, amahholo, noma ukungafani kwesikhathi eside sokusebenza. Izimboni zokuziphatha ngokomlando zinakwenzela ukuthi izikhathi zokusebenza zibe yisibonelo sokugcina ngokujabulisana nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ngokwamanzi. Ukukhipha ukuchaza kwezinto zokusebenza kubeka ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza zibe yisibonelo sokugcina ngokujabulisana nokubiza ukuthi kuzoba yisibonelo sokugcina ngokujabulisana nokubiza ukuthi kuzoba yisibonelo sokugcina ngokujabulisana.
Izinkinga zokuhlanganisa izinkampani eziningi zinakwenzela ukuthi izimboni zokuziphatha ngokomlando zinake izindlela eziningi ngokushesha, okunquma ukuthi kubhekiswe isikhathi sokusebenza ngokuphelele. Izindlela zokufaka izinto eziningi ezazikhiwa ngokulandela kuzoba zifakwa ngokushesha, okunquma ukuthi kubhekiswe isikhathi sokusebenza ngokuphelele. Ukuthi kubhekiswe isikhathi sokusebenza ngokuphelele kuyisibonelo sokugcina ngokujabulisana nokubiza ukuthi kuzoba yisibonelo sokugcina ngokujabulisana. izimboni zokuziphatha ngokomlando iyabulawa ukubulawa kwezinkinga zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi futhi ukwakha ukusetshenziswa kwezinkambo ngokuphelele.
Ukubulawa Kwemithwalo Nezinkambo
Amashini omthwalo awuthumela ukubulawa kwezinkambo ngokuphelele ngokukhathazeka kwabantu futhi ngokubulawa kwezinkambo zokusebenza ezingcono. Ukubulawa kwezinkambo kwezinsizakalo zokusebenza zikubulawa ukubulawa kwezinkambo ngokuphelele, noma yikuphi isikhathi sokuproducwa noma isikhathi sokusebenza. Amasistimu okuhlinzekwa kwezinkambo zokusebenza awufunda ngokuphelele izinkambo zokusebenza ukuze zihlinzekwe izinkinga zokusebenza, ukugula kwesikhombisa, noma izinkinga zokuguqula kwemithwalo eyakhiweyo okungakwazi ukuthinta ubulawa kwemithwalo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo yokubamba iqhaza kungenisa izimakhina ezinamandla ukulandelela imikholeshe yobuhle ngemizuzu yamanje baze bathintane ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze bakhumbule amathuba. Lezi zinhlelo zingakwazi ukuthola ukuphula kwebuqhawe ngaphambi kokuthi kwenze izinto ezingalungileyo, zenzela izenzo ekulungiseni ukuze kuthintelwe inkohlwa nokusebenzisa futhi. Amadatha akhona okugcina amadatha kwezimakhina ezinamandla enza umbhalo obucayi ngobuhle obusiza ekuxhomekeni kwezinhlelo nezinyathelo zokuthuthukiswa ngokuphindaphindi.
Ubuncane bezingcosto kanye Njalo ye-ROI
Izindlela Zokucisha Izinga Lokusebenza
Ukusebenzisa kwezinhlelo ezimiselwe zikhethe isindleko esinguqulelo ngokuphazanyiswa kwezilingo ezidingekayo ukwenza imisebenzi yokwakha. Lezi zinhlelo zingasebenza ngomso womhlwa nangomgca wosuku ngaphandle kwezindleko eziphindwe, zihlukanisa izinsuku zokwakha futhi zihlangane indawo yokusebenzela. Ukuncipha kwizidingo zokuphandana ngendlela yokulandela kunciphisa amathuba okuhlukunywa kumsebenzi futhi akhuthaze izindleko ezingaphatha, ekungeni kuzindleko zokusebenza.
Abasebenzi abanemithombo bangabophezela izinhlelo ezimiselwe ngokujikeleza, bakhuthaze ubuchule babo phakathi komphakathi wokwakha. Leli ndlela yomsebenzi liba khona ukuthi abafana basebenza kubeke amakhasimende kuze kubeke kuzinye izinkokhelo eziphumelelayo njengeqiniso leminquality, ukcwalisa ukulungiselela nokuhlanjulula umsebenzi. Ukusebenza okuphathelene kwezinhlelo ezimiselwe kukhuthaza ukudideka nokubuyisela abasebenzi abanemithombo, ukuxhomekeka kuzo kusohlukaniswa kwezimali ephathelene nabo ebaleni.
Ukunciphisa Ukuphakamisa Kwemithombo
Amashini amathuluzi amahle ukusebenzisa imithombo ngokuphelele ngokuphakamisa ukuthi kubhekwe kumaphethini okukhupha, izindlela zokufaka, nokwenza izinto. Amaphethini amahle okuhlanganisa amakhompyutha akhupha imithombo ngokuphelele ngokubala izindlela zokuhlanganisa izinto ngokuphelele ukuze kunciphiswe ukuphakamisa kwemithombo. Ukuphakamisa ukuthi kubhekwe kumaphethini kwezinhlobo zemashini amathuluzi kunciphisa ukuguqula kocingo lwemithombo okuthile kusenziwa ngokwesibonelo, futhi kusinika ukuthi kubhekwe kumaphethini okucingo lwemithombo nokuphatha izinkampani zemithombo.
Izinhlangano zokujabulisa ngokushesha kwezinhlobo zemashini amathuluzi zibhekise indlela yokusebenzisa imithombo futhi zibonisa izindlela ezingafanele ukunciphisa ukuphakamisa kwemithombo. Lezi zinhlangano zingabona lapho izithuli zidinga ukubuyiselwa kabusha ngaphambi kokuthi ziqale ukwenza izinto ezihlukene, futhi kunciphiswe ukuphakamisa kwemithombo kusenziwa ngokungafanele kwezinhlobo. Ukunakeka kushesha phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto zingasiza ukunciphisa ukuphakamisa kwemithombo kwezinhlobo zokuvula futhi kusinika ukuthi kubhekwe kumaphethini yokuphatha ukuphatha kwezinhlobo ezahlukene.
Ukusebenzisa Kwesimo Nokuthuthukiswa
Ukwenza Kwemithambo Nezinsimbi
Industa yemithambo ivusele umsindleko wokuzenzela izixhobo zokubhala, ukugcina nokugquba okudinga ubumnandi obungcono kakhulu nokubuyela. Izixhobo zokubhala ezinezindleko zomanje zingasebenza izidingo ezidebelela ngokulawula ukugcina kwethredi, izinguquko zombala, nokwabiwa kwezipozishini okuphindaphindiwe ngaphandle kokwaziwa kwegazi. Lezi zixhobo zihlawula iintambo ezahlukeneyo ngendlela ethile ebalulekileyo yokunqoba nokubaluleka kwebhola ngaphezu kwemisebenzi engenazo mnye.
Ukuthi izinkampani zithola ubuchwepheshe kubonakalisa ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi iz......
Amaphutha ne-Assembly esikhundleni
Ukuproducwa kwezinkampani zokusebenza kwezincwadi ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda ziyathola ukuthi izimboni zokuzifunda......
Amathuluzi okuhlanganisa abalwe ngokubheka ayamukela izixhobo zokuzenzekelayo ukuba zilungise izinguquko zeengcinga kunye ne-boarding yokugaya endinika ingcindezi kakhulu ekhokelela ekhokelela kumgangatho wokudityaniswa. Izahluli ezininzi zokuphatha imiyalelo yomlilo ukwenza ukuhlaziywa ngexesha elizayo elinokuvikela umgangatho wokudityaniswa nakuba kukho iingcinga ezithile zokwakha. Ukuba zingqinelwe kwiindawo eziphucwayo kwezixhobo ezikhuselekileyo kusenzo kwezinto ezivulekileyo ezidinga imini engaphantsi kokuchithwa.
Izongezo Zokufutshane Kunye Nokuthutha Kwitechnology
Ukuthunyelwa Kwesilinganiso Esingenzi
Inkanyamba engenye yeziphumo ezinzima ihlanganisa i-algorithms ye-intelligence yoqobo eyenzela ukufunda ngokulungiseka kunye nokunceda kwinkokheli. Iindlela zokufunda ngokuziphatha zidlula imininingwane yemeko engqineneyo ukufunda izibalo kunye nokunceda kwezimali eziphathekayo ukwandisa umsebenzi. Le ziphumo ezinezintu zingasayina inkokheli, zilungise izinto zokusebenza kumatshitshi amanye, kunye nokunceda kwinkokheli ngokulinganisa ngeempahla zamanje.
Ukuthi i-inthanethi yenjini ivumela izixhobo ezinezindlela ukubona izimo eziphathelene kudatha lokwakha okungazange kube yinxalenye yesiprograma esidolophi. Le zixhobo ziqhubeka ngokuthuthukisa iqiniso labo ngokusebenza, ziyoba ngcono kanye nezobuhle kwaye zingaphezu kwesikhathi. Ukunakekelwa kokufunda phakathi kwezixhobo ezihlukaniswe kuvumela ukuba kwenzeke into eyinzuzo ekuphileni konke kwindawo yokwakha ngendlela ethile.
Ukuxhasana nokufakwa kwe-Industry 4.0
Izixhobo ezizenziwe ngomdla zenzelwe ngezinto ezifana nokuthintana okuqukethwe okuvumela ukuthunyelwa kakhulu kwindalo ye-Industry 4.0. Iisense I-intanethi yezinto zinika ubomi bokujonge kwiindlela zokusebenza, zivumela ukuprosesa kwezibalo kanye nokulungiselela kwizixhobo ngokuchazwa kwizimo. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-cloud kuvumela izixhobo ukufinyelela kwiiprogramu ezilungileyo, ukuthunyelwa kudatha olunjalo, kwaye fumane inkxalabo engaphandle kumthengi wezixhobo.
Ukuthi umlando wokwenza izixhobo ngu-machines ezinxulumene kuyinjongo ekhokelwa ngokulungileyo kwi-blockchain ukunika ubumfihlisi bokulandeleka kwizixhobo ezenziwa yi-machines ezenza ngokuzenzekelayo, ukuqinisekisa ubukhona bomlando wokugcina nokubonakala kakhulu kanye nokwaziswa kwezakhono. Umculo wodadekazi obhalwe ngendlela yokudalela i-digital twin wenza imijikelezo engcamango ye-automatic machines enikela amathuba okuvavanya nokuphuhlisa kanye nokufundisa ngaphandle kokuthintana nezinyathelo zokwakha. Le miqhuba yezimali yenza automatic machines ibe yizingxenye eziphambili zezemfundo ezigcinwe ngobuchwepheshe ezingadinga ngenyathelo ethile.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Kutheni ikhiye lokucophelela le-automatic machines?
Izimashini eziqhubekayo zidinga ukulungisa okuphambili okuphelele okufuneka kuzenzelwa ngokuphelele, okudinga ukuthiweka kwemithombo yezinto ezihlanganayo, ukulinganisa amasensi, nokubuyisela izinto ezihlukumezayo ngokwesikhundla sokuphathwa ngokwesikhundla sokusebenza. Izinsimu zezinkampani zama-21 zinikeza izilumkiso zokulungisa ngokuzobuya kusuka kwezifundo zedatha yokusebenza, kusiza amaphakathi ukuthenga izinto zokulungisa ngeminyaka yokuqala yezindlela zokusebenza. Ukulungisa okuhle kubiza isikhathi sokusebenza kwesikhundla, kubiza ukuthi isikhathi sokusebenza siyisikhathi sokuhle, futhi kubiza ukuthi akukho mhlakubi wokusebenza okungafanele okungabizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kubizwa uk......
Izimashini eziqhubekayo zihlela njani ukuguqula izinto zokuphatha?
Amashini amathuluzi okwesikhathi samandla ayisebenzisa izindikimba zokuguqula kusheshile kanye nezindlela zokuhlanganisa iziphakamiso ezinokugcinwa ngokuzithola, okunikeza ukuguqula kusheshile phakathi kwezinhloso zezinto ezahlukeneyo. Izibhalo zokuphatha izilungiselelo zokugcina zisiza abasebenzi ukubuyela kuzo izilungiselelo ezihlalakahle zezinto ezithile, okunciphisa isikhathi sokuvula kanye nokunciphisa isibopho sokwenza izilungiselelo ezingafanele. Amashini amahle angabuyekeza ngokuzenzakalelayo izinyathelo zezinhloso zokusebenza kanye nezilungiselelo zokusebenza ngokuboniswa kwekhodi yezinto noma ukubhala ikhodi lebar-khodi.
Izimali zokuvikela ziphi zokusebenza kwamashini amathuluzi?
Izimboni zokusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ziqondana nezinhlangano zezixhobo zokuvikela eziningi kufuneka kubhekwe ukuthi kunezinkampani zokubheka, izihlalo zesikhathi sokuphuma kwabantu emaphakathini okuvikela, nokuthi kususwa ukusebenza ngokushesha uma bantfu bafika emaphakathini okuvikela. Izindlela zokuvikela ukungasebenzi kanye nokubeka isithonjana (lockout-tagout) zincoma ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukufuna ukuf......
Ukuthi izimboni zokusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ziqondana njani nezinhlangano zokuproducwa ezengeziwe
Amashini amawhuthu okuxhumanisa kuzenzakalo ezinhle amandla wokuxhumana okuvumelekile okunciphisa ukunikezwa kwezinsiza zokuphatha izimpahla, izinkampani zokwakha, nezinhlelo zokuphatha ubunzima. Ukulungiswa okukhangelene kwesilinganiso nokubika kumelwe kuxhumanise kuze kube yilinye imigqa yokudonsa, izixhobo zokuphatha izinto, nezibophelelo phambi kanye emva. Izindlela zokusebenzisa ngokanda zivumela izikhala ukunikezwa kwamashini amawhuthu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kweziseko ezenzekelayo noma ukudinga ukuguqula kabonke inhlelo.