Ibhulogi

Imishini yokuthunga yezimboni imele ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwabakhiqizi, izitolo zokuthunga zezentengiselwano, kanye namabhizinisi ezindwangu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngaphandle kwezizathu zezimali, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini yokuthunga yezimboni ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha eziqinile kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni abasebenzi, ekugcineni ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokugwema ukwephulwa kwemithetho ebizayo. Ubunzima bemishini yokuthunga yesimanje, kanye nokusebenza kwayo okusheshayo, izingxenye eziningi ezihambayo, kanye nezinhlelo zikagesi, kudinga ukuthobela okuphelele izinhlaka zokuphepha ezisunguliwe okuhlanganisa izidingo zokumaka i-CE kanye nezindinganiso ze-OSHA.

Izikhungo zokukhiqiza ezisebenzisa imishini yokuthunga yezimboni kumele zihambe endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi yemithetho yokuphepha yamazwe ngamazwe neyasekhaya. Le mithetho ikhona ukuvikela abasebenzi ezingozini zemishini, izingozi zikagesi, kanye nezingozi ze-ergonomic ezihlobene nokusebenzisa imishini yokuthunga eyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuqonda lezi zidingo zokuthobela imithetho akukhona nje ukugwema izinhlawulo—kumele ukuzibophezela okuyisisekelo ekuphepheni emsebenzini kanye nokusebenza kahle okuthinta ngqo umkhiqizo, izindleko zomshuwalense, kanye nedumela lenkampani.

Ukuqaliswa kwezindinganiso zokuphepha ezifanele zemishini yokuthunga yezimboni kudlulela ngale kokufakwa kokuqala nokusetha. Kuhlanganisa izinqubo zokulungisa eziqhubekayo, izinhlelo zokuqeqesha opharetha, kanye nokuhlolwa okuvamile kokuphepha okuqinisekisa ukuthobela okuqhubekayo kuyo yonke impilo yokusebenza kwemishini. Le ndlela ephelele yokuphathwa kokuphepha idala isiko lokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo okuzuzisa kokubili abasebenzi kanye nemiphumela yebhizinisi.

Ukuqonda Izidingo Zokumaka ze-CE Zemishini Yokufekethisa

Izinqubo Ezibalulekile Zokubhala Imibhalo Nezitifiketi

Ukumakwa kwe-CE kumelela isimemezelo somkhiqizi sokuthi imishini yokuthunga yezimboni ihambisana nezidingo zokuphepha, impilo, kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kwe-European Union. Lokhu kumakwa kuyimpoqo emishinini yokuthunga ethengiswa ngaphakathi kwe-European Economic Area futhi kudinga imibhalo ephelele ehlanganisa amafayela obuchwepheshe, ukuhlolwa kwengozi, kanye nezimemezelo zokuhambisana. Inqubo yokuqinisekisa ihilela ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwezinhlelo zokuphepha kwemishini, izingxenye zikagesi, kanye nezinqubo zokusebenza.

Abakhiqizi bemishini yokuthunga yezimboni kumele bagcine imibhalo yobuchwepheshe enemininingwane ekhombisa ukuhambisana neziqondiso ze-EU ezifanele kufaka phakathi i-Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC kanye ne-Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive 2014/30/EU. Le mibhalo isebenza njengobufakazi bokuthi imishini iye yahlolwa kahle, yahlolwa, kanye nezinqubo zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi. Ifayela lobuchwepheshe kumele lihlale litholakala ukuze lihlolwe yiziphathimandla ezilawulayo okungenani iminyaka eyishumi ngemuva kosuku lokugcina lokwenziwa.

Inqubo yokuhlola ukuhambisana kwemishini yokuthunga yezimboni ivame ukuhilela ukulawulwa kokukhiqiza kwangaphakathi, lapho abakhiqizi behlola khona imikhiqizo yabo ngokwezindinganiso ezifanele. Kodwa-ke, imishini eyinkimbinkimbi ingadinga ukubandakanyeka kwezinhlangano ezinolwazi ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kuqinisekiswe okwengeziwe. Le nqubo iqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye ezibalulekile zokuphepha njengezinhlelo zokuma eziphuthumayo, onogada bokuvikela, kanye nezici zokuphepha kagesi ziyahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokusebenza ezimisiwe.

Ukuhlolwa Kwengozi Nokuhlanganiswa Kokuphepha

Ukuhlolwa kwengozi okuphelele kwakha isisekelo sokuthobela ukumaka kwe-CE kwemishini yokuthunga yezimboni. Abakhiqizi kumele bahlonze ngokuhlelekile izingozi ezingaba khona okuhlanganisa izingozi zemishini ezivela ezingxenyeni ezihambayo, izingozi zikagesi ezivela ezinhlelweni zamandla, kanye nokukhathazeka kwe-ergonomic okuhlobene nokusebenzisana komqhubi. Le nqubo yokuhlola iqondisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezinyathelo zokuphepha ngqo ekwakhiweni kwemishini kunokuphatha ukuphepha njengento ecatshangelwa kamuva.

Indlela yokuhlola ubungozi ilandela amazinga aseYurophu amisiwe njenge-ISO 12100 yezimiso zokuphepha kwemishini ezijwayelekile kanye ne-ISO 14121 yezinqubo zokuhlola ubungozi. Lezi zindinganiso zinikeza izindlela ezihlelekile zokuhlonza ubungozi, ukulinganisa ubungozi, kanye nokuhlola ubungozi okuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okufanayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini yokuthunga yezimboni. Izinyathelo zokuphepha ezitholakalayo kumele zisetshenziswe ngokwezigaba ezimisiwe zokulawula, zibeka phambili izici zokuklama zokuphepha ezingokwemvelo ngaphezu kwamadivayisi okuvikela kanye nokuvikela kwenqubo.

Ukubhalwa kwemisebenzi yokuhlola ubungozi kumele kube okuphelele nokuhlelekile, kuhlinzeke ngokulandelela okucacile kusukela ezingozini ezitholakele kuya ezinyathelweni zokuphepha ezisetshenzisiwe. Lo mbhalo usekela imisebenzi yokuphatha ukuphepha eqhubekayo futhi unikeza ulwazi olubalulekile kubasebenzisi bokugcina okumele benze ukuhlolwa kwabo kobungozi endaweni yokusebenza lapho befaka futhi besebenzisa imishini yokuthunga yezimboni ezindaweni zabo.

Izindinganiso ze-OSHA kanye nokusetshenziswa kokuphepha endaweni yokusebenza

Izicelo Zesigaba Esijwayelekile Semisebenzi

Isigaba Somsebenzi Esijwayelekile Sokuphathwa Kokuphepha Nezempilo Emsebenzini sidinga abaqashi ukuba bahlinzeke ngezindawo zokusebenza ezingenazo izingozi eziqashelwayo ezingabangela ukufa noma ukulimala okukhulu ngokomzimba kubasebenzi. Ezindaweni ezisebenzisa imishini yokuthunga yezimboni, lokhu kuhunyushwa kube izinhlelo zokuphepha eziphelele ezibhekana nezingozi ezithile zomshini kanye nezingozi ezijwayelekile zomsebenzi. Abaqashi kumele bahlale benolwazi ngemikhuba emihle yemboni kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha bokuphepha obunganciphisa izingozi ezihlobene nemisebenzi yokuthunga.

Ukuqaliswa kokuthobela imithetho ye-OSHA ye imishini yokuhlobisa yezimboni kudinga ukuhlolwa okuhlelekile kwezimo zendawo yokusebenza, izinqubo zokulungisa imishini, kanye nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha abasebenzi. Lokhu kuhlolwa kumele kucabangele kokubili imisebenzi ejwayelekile kanye nemisebenzi engeyona ejwayelekile njengokulungisa, ukuxazulula izinkinga, kanye nokuphathwa kwezinto. Uhlelo lokuphepha oluvelayo kumele lubhalwe phansi, ludluliselwe kubasebenzi, futhi lubuyekezwe njalo ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kokusebenza kanye nezinguquko zomthetho.

Izinhlelo ezisebenzayo zokuthobela imithetho ye-OSHA yemishini yokuthunga yezimboni zifaka phakathi izinto zokuxhumana ngezingozi, izinqubo zokukhiya/zokukhipha izimpahla, kanye nezidingo zemishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu. Lezi zinhlelo kumele zilungiselelwe izici ezithile zokusebenza kokuthunga ngenkathi zigcina ukuvumelana nezinhlelo zokuphepha ezibanzi endaweni yokusebenza. Imihlangano ejwayelekile yokuphepha, izinhlelo zokubika izehlakalo, kanye nezinqubo zokulungisa ziqinisekisa ukuthobela okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo.

Izindinganiso Zokuphepha Komshini Nokuphepha Kukagesi

Izindinganiso zokuvikela umshini ze-OSHA ngaphansi kwe-29 CFR 1910.212 zibeka izidingo ezithile zokuvikela abaqhubi ezingozini zemishini ezihlobene nemishini yokuthunga yezimboni. Lezi zindinganiso zithi izingxenye ezihambayo ezingadala ukulimala kumele ziqashwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthintana kwabaqhubi ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile. Ukuklama nokufakwa kwabagibeli akumele kudale izingozi ezengeziwe noma kuphazamise imisebenzi edingekayo yokusebenza.

Izidingo zokuphepha kukagesi zemishini yokuthunga yezimboni ziwela ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zikagesi ze-OSHA ku-29 CFR 1910 Subpart S, ebhekisela ezidingweni ze-National Electrical Code kanye nemikhuba yemboni emisiwe. Lezi zindinganiso zibhekana nokufakwa okufanele kukagesi, izinhlelo zokufaka isisekelo, kanye nokuvikelwa ezingozini zikagesi. Imishini kumele ifakwe futhi igcinwe ngabasebenzi abafanelekayo ngokwezincazelo zomkhiqizi kanye namakhodi kagesi asebenzayo.

Ukuhlolwa njalo nokugcinwa kwezinhlelo zokuphepha kumelela ingxenye ebalulekile yokuhambisana ne-OSHA okuqhubekayo kwemishini yokuthunga yezimboni. Abaqashi kumele basungule izinqubo ezibhaliwe zokuhlola ukuma kwezimo eziphuthumayo, ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho bokuqapha, kanye nokugcina izinhlelo zokuphepha zikagesi. Lezi zinqubo kumele zifake izindlela ezithile zokuhlola, imvamisa yokuhlola, kanye nezidingo zesenzo sokulungisa eziqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokuphepha okuqhubekayo.

Izinqubo Zokuphepha Kokusebenza kanye Nezidingo Zokuqeqesha

Izinhlelo Zokuqeqesha Eziphelele Zokusebenza

Ukusebenza kahle kwemishini yokuthunga yezimboni kudinga izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezibanzi ezibhekana namakhono obuchwepheshe kanye nokuqwashisa ngokuphepha. Lezi zinhlelo kumele zihlanganise izinqubo zokusebenza ezithile zemishini, ukuqashelwa kwezingozi, izinqubo zokuphendula eziphuthumayo, kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo eqhubekayo yokuphepha. Okuqukethwe koqeqesho kufanele kubuyekezwe njalo ukuze kubonise ulwazi lokusebenza, ukuguqulwa kwemishini, kanye nezinguquko zomthetho ezithinta imikhuba yokusebenza ephephile.

Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezihlelekile zabaqhubi bemishini yokuthunga yezimboni ngokuvamile zifaka phakathi ukufundiswa kwekilasi, ukuboniswa ngezandla, kanye nezikhathi zokuzijwayeza eziqondiswayo eziqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono. Izinqubo zokuhlola kumele ziqinisekise ukuthi abaqhubi bayaqonda izidingo zokuphepha, bangazibona izimo eziyingozi, futhi babonise impendulo efanele ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Imibhalo yemisebenzi yokuqeqesha inikeza ubufakazi bemizamo yokuthobela imithetho futhi isekela imisebenzi eqhubekayo yokuphatha ukuphepha.

Izidingo zokuqeqeshwa eziqhubekayo zabaqhubi bemishini yokuthunga yezimboni zifaka phakathi izikhathi zokuvuselela njalo, izibuyekezo mayelana nezinguquko zenqubo, kanye nokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kwemisebenzi yokulungisa. Lezi zidingo ziqinisekisa ukuthi abaqhubi bagcina ulwazi lwamanje lwezinqubo zokuphepha futhi bahlale beqaphela imikhuba emihle eshintshayo. Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha kumele zifinyeleleke kubaqhubi abanezizinda zemfundo ezahlukene kanye namakhono olimi ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo kolwazi lokuphepha.

Izinhlangano zokugcina nokubhekisa

Izinhlelo zokulungisa ezivimbelayo zemishini yokuthunga yezimboni kumele zibhekane nokusebenza kahle kanye nobuqotho bohlelo lokuphepha. Lezi zinhlelo kufanele zifake uhlu lokuhlola olunemininingwane, amashejuli okulungisa, kanye nezinqubo zokubhala eziqinisekisa ukunakwa okuhlelekile kwezingxenye ezibalulekile zokuphepha. Imisebenzi yokulungisa kumele yenziwe ngabasebenzi abafanelekayo besebenzisa amathuluzi nezinqubo ezifanele ezigcina isitifiketi sokuphepha kwemishini.

Ukuhlolwa kohlelo lokuphepha kumelela ingxenye ebalulekile yezinqubo zokulungisa imishini yokuthunga yezimboni. Izinhlelo zokuma eziphuthumayo, ama-interlock okuphepha, namadivayisi okuvikela kumele ahlolwe ngokwezincomo zomkhiqizi kanye nezidingo zomthetho. Izinqubo zokuhlola kumele ziqinisekise ukusebenza okufanele ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene futhi zibhale phansi imiphumela yokuthobela imithetho kanye nezinjongo zokuhlaziya izitayela.

Imibhalo yemisebenzi yokulungisa inikeza ubufakazi obubalulekile bokulandela imithetho yokuphepha okuqhubekayo kwemishini yokuthunga yezimboni. Amarekhodi okulungisa kumele afake imininingwane yemisebenzi eyenziwe, ukuntuleka okutholiwe, izinyathelo zokulungisa, kanye nokuqinisekiswa kokusebenza okufanele. La marekhodi asekela ukuhlolwa kwemithetho, izidingo zomshuwalense, kanye nemisebenzi yokuphathwa kokuphepha kwangaphakathi ngenkathi enikeza ulwazi olubalulekile lokuthuthukisa amasu okulungisa.

Izindinganiso Zomhlaba Wonke kanye Nemikhuba Emihle Kakhulu

Ukuhlanganiswa Kwamazinga e-ISO

Izindinganiso ze-International Organisation for Standardization zinikeza izinhlaka eziqashelwa emhlabeni wonke zokuphathwa kokuphepha kwemishini yokuthunga yezimboni. Izindinganiso ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi i-ISO 12100 yezimiso zokuphepha kwemishini ezijwayelekile, i-ISO 13849 yezinhlelo zokulawula ezihlobene nokuphepha, kanye ne-ISO 14120 yezivikelo namadivayisi okuvikela. Lezi zindinganiso zinikeza izindlela ezihlelekile zokuklama, ukusebenzisa, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha okuhambisana nezidingo zomthetho.

Ukuqaliswa kwezindinganiso ze-ISO zemishini yokuthunga yezimboni kuhilela ukuhlolwa okuhlelekile kwezici zokuklama, izinqubo zokusebenza, kanye nemikhuba yokulungisa ngokwemigomo emisiwe. Le nqubo yokuhlola isiza ekuboneni amathuba okuthuthukiswa kokuphepha ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuvumelana nemikhuba emihle yamazwe ngamazwe. Izinhlangano eziphishekela isitifiketi se-ISO kumele zibonise ukuthobela okuqhubekayo ngezinqubo ezibhaliwe kanye nemisebenzi yokuhlola ejwayelekile.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezindinganiso ze-ISO nemizamo yokuthobela imithetho kudala izinhlelo zokuphatha ukuphepha eziphelele zokusebenza kwemishini yokuthunga yezimboni. Lezi zinhlelo zinikeza izindlela ezihlelekile zokuhlonza izingozi, ukuhlolwa kwengozi, kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinyathelo zokuphepha ezisekela kokubili izinhloso zokuthobela imithetho kanye nezinhloso zokusebenza kahle. Ukubuyekezwa njalo nokubuyekezwa kwalezi zinhlelo kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle okuqhubekayo njengoba imisebenzi ishintsha futhi imithetho ishintsha.

Izinto Ezicatshangelwayo Zokuthobela Umthetho Womhlaba Wonke

Izinhlangano ezisebenzisa imishini yokuthunga yezimboni emazweni amaningi kumele zibhekane nezidingo zomthetho ezahlukahlukene ngenkathi zigcina amazinga okuphepha ahambisanayo. Lokhu kudinga ukuqonda okuphelele kwemithetho yendawo, izinto ezicatshangelwayo ngamasiko, kanye nezinselele zokusebenzisa ezithinta ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokuphepha. Izinhlelo zokuthobela imithetho zomhlaba wonke eziphumelelayo zivame ukusungula amazinga okuphepha aphansi kakhulu adlula izidingo zendawo ngenkathi zivumela ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zesifunda njengoba kudingeka.

Ukudluliselwa nokufakwa kwemishini kwamanye amazwe kudinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela ezidingweni zesitifiketi kanye nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha. Imishini yokuthunga yezimboni eqinisekiswe yimakethe eyodwa ingadinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe noma ukuguqulwa ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo kwezinye izindawo. Ukuhlela lezi zidingo ngesikhathi sokukhethwa kwemishini kanye nemisebenzi yokuthenga kusiza ukugwema ukubambezeleka kanye nezindleko ezengeziwe ezihlobene nemisebenzi yokuthobela imithetho.

Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwentuthuko yokulawula ezindaweni eziningi kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokuphepha zemishini yokuthunga yezimboni zihlala zisesikhathini futhi zisebenza kahle. Lokhu kuqapha kufanele kufake phakathi ukubamba iqhaza ezinhlanganweni zezimboni, ukubhalisela izinsizakalo zokuvuselela imithetho, kanye nokubonisana njalo nochwepheshe bezokuphepha bendawo. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ngokushesha nezinguquko zomthetho kusiza ukugcina ukuthobela imithetho ngenkathi kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezindleko Nezinzuzo Zokuthobela Ukuphepha

Ukuhlolwa Komthelela Wezezimali

Ukutshalwa kwezimali ekuhambisaneni nokuphepha kwemishini yokuthunga yezimboni kukhiqiza imbuyiselo elinganisekayo ngezindleko zomshuwalense ezincishisiwe, izindleko ezihlobene nezingozi ezincishisiwe, kanye nokusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe. Ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwezindleko nezinzuzo kufanele kucabangele kokubili izindleko eziqondile njengokuguqulwa kwemishini kanye nezindleko zokuqeqesha, kanye nezinzuzo ezingaqondile okuhlanganisa idumela elithuthukisiwe, ukuvezwa kwesibopho esincishisiwe, kanye nokuziphatha okuhle kwabasebenzi.

Umthelela wezezimali wokuthobela imithetho yokuphepha udlulela ngale kokucatshangelwa kwezindleko ezisheshayo ukuze kufakwe izinzuzo zokusebenza zesikhathi eside. Imishini yokuthunga yezimboni esetshenziswa ngokwezindinganiso zokuphepha ezimisiwe ivame ukuba nesikhathi esincishisiwe sokungasebenzi, izindleko zokulungisa eziphansi, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenkonzo uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini esetshenziswa ngaphandle kwezinqubo zokuphepha ezifanele. Lezi zinzuzo zokusebenza zinegalelo ekubuyiselweni okuthuthukisiwe kokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nenzuzo yokuncintisana.

Izinzuzo zokuphathwa kwengozi zokuthobela imithetho yokuphepha kwemishini yokuthunga yezimboni zifaka phakathi ukuchayeka okuncishisiwe ezijezisweni zomthetho, ukuxazululwa kwecala, kanye nezindleko zokuphazamiseka kwebhizinisi. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi kunikeza inani elilinganiswayo elivame ukwedlula izindleko eziqondile zemisebenzi yokuthobela imithetho. Abahlinzeki bomshuwalense bavame ukunikeza izaphulelo zeprimiyamu ezinhlanganweni ezibonisa imikhuba eqinile yokuphatha ukuphepha, okuthuthukisa kakhulu izinzuzo zezimali zemizamo yokuthobela imithetho.

Ukuhlanganiswa Kokusebenza Okuhle Kakhulu

Imisebenzi yokuthobela ukuphepha kwemishini yokuthunga yezimboni ivame ukuhambisana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinhle kakhulu ezithuthukisa umkhiqizo, ikhwalithi, kanye nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende. Izindlela ezihlelekile zokuhlonza izingozi kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi zivame ukwembula amathuba okuthuthukiswa kwenqubo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle. Lokhu kuhambisana kudala ukusebenzisana okukhulisa inani lokutshalwa kwezimali ngokuphepha ngenkathi kusekelwa izinhloso zebhizinisi ezibanzi.

Izinhlelo zokuphatha ikhwalithi zemishini yokuthunga yezimboni ziyazuza ekuhlanganisweni nemisebenzi yokuphatha ukuphepha ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokubhala ezabiwe, izinhlelo zokuqeqesha, kanye nezindlela zokulinganisa ukusebenza. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kunciphisa umthwalo wokuphatha ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwezindlela zokuthuthukisa ezihlelekile. Izinhlangano eziphishekela izitifiketi zekhwalithi zivame ukuthola ukuthi izinhlelo zokuphatha ukuphepha ezikhona zinikeza izisekelo ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yekhwalithi.

Izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa eziqhubekayo zemisebenzi yemishini yokuthunga yezimboni kufanele zihlanganise izilinganiso zokusebenza kokuphepha kanye nezilinganiso zokukhiqiza zendabuko kanye nekhwalithi. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezicatshangelwayo zokuphepha zithola ukunakwa okufanele ekwenzeni izinqumo zokusebenza ngenkathi kuhlonzwa amathuba okuthuthukiswa ngasikhathi sinye ezindaweni eziningi zokusebenza. Ukubuyekezwa njalo kwedatha yokusebenza ehlanganisiwe kusekela ukwenza izinqumo ezisekelwe ebufakazini kanye nokwabiwa kwezinsiza.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yimuphi umehluko obalulekile phakathi kokumaka i-CE kanye nokuhambisana ne-OSHA kwemishini yokuhlobisa yezimboni

Ukumakwa kwe-CE kuyimfuneko ye-European Union egxile ekuhlolweni kokuhambisana komkhiqizo kanye nezimemezelo zomkhiqizi, kuyilapho ukulandelwa kwe-OSHA kubhekana nokuqaliswa kokuphepha emsebenzini e-United States. Ukumakwa kwe-CE ngokuyinhloko kuyimfuneko yokuqinisekiswa komkhiqizo ekhombisa ukulandelwa kwemiyalelo ye-EU ngesikhathi sokuklama nokukhiqiza, kanti ukulandelwa kwe-OSHA kuhilela ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo kokuphepha emsebenzini kuyo yonke impilo yokusebenza kwemishini. Zombili lezi zinhlaka zabelana ngezinhloso ezifanayo zokuphepha kodwa ziyahlukahluka ngezindlela zazo zokulawula, izidingo zemibhalo, kanye nezindlela zokuphoqelela.

Izinhlelo zokuphepha kufanele zihlolwe kangaki emishinini yokuthunga yezimboni

Imvamisa yokuhlola uhlelo lokuphepha kwemishini yokuthunga yezimboni kufanele ilandele izincomo zomkhiqizi, izidingo zomthetho, kanye nokuhlolwa kwezingozi zokusebenza. Izinhlelo zokuma eziphuthumayo zivame ukudinga ukuhlolwa kwanyanga zonke, kuyilapho izixhumanisi zokuphepha namadivayisi okuvikela kungadinga ukuqinisekiswa kwamasonto onke noma kwansuku zonke kuye ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kunamandla kangakanani kanye nezimo zemvelo. Imisebenzi ebalulekile yokuphepha kufanele ihlolwe kaningi ezindaweni ezikhiqiza kakhulu noma ezimweni zokusebenza ezinzima. Ukubhalwa kwemibhalo yayo yonke imisebenzi yokuhlola kubalulekile ekuqinisekisweni kokuhambisana nemithetho kanye nezinjongo zokuhlaziywa kwemikhuba.

Yiziphi izitifiketi zokuqeqeshwa ezidingekayo kubasebenzisi bemishini yokuthunga yezimboni

Nakuba izidingo ezithile zesitifiketi zihluka ngokwendawo kanye nezinqubomgomo zabaqashi, abaqhubi bemishini yokuthunga yezimboni bavame ukudinga ukuqeqeshwa ngokuphepha kwemishini ejwayelekile, imisebenzi ethile yemishini, ukuqashelwa kwezingozi, kanye nezinqubo eziphuthumayo. Abanye abaqashi badinga ukuqedwa kwezinhlelo zokuqeqesha zokuphepha eziqashelwayo njengezifundo ze-OSHA zamahora ayi-10 noma amahora angama-30, kanti abanye bathuthukisa izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezenzelwe imishini yabo ethile kanye nemisebenzi. Izidingo zokuqeqesha eziqhubekayo zivame ukufaka izikhathi zokuvuselela zonyaka kanye nokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kwemisebenzi yokulungisa noma ukuguqulwa kwemishini.

Izindinganiso zokuphepha zomhlaba wonke zisebenza kanjani emisebenzini yemishini yokuthunga yezimboni

Izindinganiso zokuphepha zomhlaba wonke ezifana ne-ISO 12100 kanye ne-ISO 13849 zinikeza izinhlaka eziqashelwa emhlabeni wonke zokuphepha kwemishini ezihambisana nezidingo zomthetho zendawo zemishini yokuthunga yezimboni. Lezi zindinganiso zinikeza izindlela ezihlelekile zokuhlola ubungozi, ukuklama ukuphepha, kanye nokuphathwa kokuphepha okungasetshenziswa kungakhathaliseki indawo. Izinhlangano ezisebenza emazweni amaningi zivame ukusebenzisa amazinga omhlaba wonke njengesisekelo sezinhlelo zazo zokuphepha ngenkathi ziqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemithetho yendawo ngezinyathelo ezengeziwe njengoba kudingeka. Ukwamukelwa kwezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke kwenza kube lula ukudluliselwa kwemishini phakathi kwezikhungo futhi kusekela imikhuba yokuphepha eqhubekayo kuyo yonke imisebenzi yomhlaba wonke.